The seven deadly sins, also known as the capital vices or cardinal sins, are a classification of vices used in early Christian teachings to educate and protect followers from basic human instincts. The church divided sin into two types:venial (forgiven without the need for the sacrament of Confession) andcapital (meriting damnation). Beginning in the early 14th-century, the popularity of the 7 deadly sins with artists of the time engrained them in human culture around the world.
The generally accepted deadly sins are superbia (hubris/pride), avaritia(greed), luxuria (extravagance, later lust), invidia (envy), gula (gluttony), ira(wrath), and acedia (sloth). Each deadly sin is opposed by one of the corresponding Seven Holy Virtues. Listed in order of increasing severity as per Pope Gregory the Great, 6th-century A.D., the seven deadly sins are as follows:
3. Greed (Latin avaritia ) - treachery, avarice
The generally accepted deadly sins are superbia (hubris/pride), avaritia(greed), luxuria (extravagance, later lust), invidia (envy), gula (gluttony), ira(wrath), and acedia (sloth). Each deadly sin is opposed by one of the corresponding Seven Holy Virtues. Listed in order of increasing severity as per Pope Gregory the Great, 6th-century A.D., the seven deadly sins are as follows:
1. Lust (Latin luxuria) - fornication, perversion
Depraved thought, unwholesome morality, desire for excitement, or need to be accepted or recognized by others. Obsessive, unlawful, or unnatural sexual desire, such as desiring sex with a person outside marriage or engaging in unnatural sexual appetites. Rape and sodomy are considered to be extreme lust and are said to be mortal sins. Dante's criterion was "excessive love of others," thereby detracting from the love due to God. Lust prevents clarity of thought and rational behavior.
Depraved thought, unwholesome morality, desire for excitement, or need to be accepted or recognized by others. Obsessive, unlawful, or unnatural sexual desire, such as desiring sex with a person outside marriage or engaging in unnatural sexual appetites. Rape and sodomy are considered to be extreme lust and are said to be mortal sins. Dante's criterion was "excessive love of others," thereby detracting from the love due to God. Lust prevents clarity of thought and rational behavior.
2. Gluttony ( Latin gula ) - waste, overindulgence
Thoughtless waste of everything, overindulgence, misplaced sensuality, uncleanliness, and maliciously depriving others. Marked by refusal to share and unreasonable consumption of more than is necessary, especially food or water. Destruction, especially for sport. Substance abuse or binge drinking. Dante explains it as "excessive love of pleasure". Associated with pigs and the color orange.
Thoughtless waste of everything, overindulgence, misplaced sensuality, uncleanliness, and maliciously depriving others. Marked by refusal to share and unreasonable consumption of more than is necessary, especially food or water. Destruction, especially for sport. Substance abuse or binge drinking. Dante explains it as "excessive love of pleasure". Associated with pigs and the color orange.
3. Greed (Latin avaritia ) - treachery, avarice
A strong desire to gain, especially in money or power. Disloyalty, deliberate betrayal,or treason, especially for personal gain or when compensated. Scavenging and hoarding of materials or objects. Theft and robbery by violence. Simony is the evolution of avarice because it fills you with the urge to make money by selling things within the confines of the church. This sin is abhorred by the Catholic Church and is seen as a sin of malice, Dante included this sin in his first novel. Simony can be viewed as betrayal. Thomas Aquinas on greed: "it is a sin against God, just as all mortal sins, in as much as man condemns things eternal for the sake of temporal things." The childish of the 3 exaggerated adulthood sins. Greed is represented by the frog and the color yellow.
4. Sloth ( Latin acedia ) - apathy, indifference
Apathy, idleness, and wastefulness of time. Laziness is particularly condemned because others must work harder to make up for it. Cowardice or irresponsibility. Abandonment, especially of God. Sloth is a state of equilibrium: one does not produce much, one does not consume much. Dante wrote that sloth is the "failure to love God with all one's heart, all one's mind and all one's soul". Associated with goats and the color light blue. The childish of the two misplaced childhood
Apathy, idleness, and wastefulness of time. Laziness is particularly condemned because others must work harder to make up for it. Cowardice or irresponsibility. Abandonment, especially of God. Sloth is a state of equilibrium: one does not produce much, one does not consume much. Dante wrote that sloth is the "failure to love God with all one's heart, all one's mind and all one's soul". Associated with goats and the color light blue. The childish of the two misplaced childhood
5. Wrath ( Latin ira ) - anger, hatred
Inappropriate (unrighteous) feelings of hatred and anger. Denial of the truth to others or self. Impatience or revenge outside of justice. Wishing to do evil or harm to others. Self-righteousness. Wrath is the root of murder and assault. Dante described wrath as "love of justice perverted to revenge and spite". The childish of the two prolonged adolescence sins, being hard to safeguard against especially in the case of people in teens and 20s.
Inappropriate (unrighteous) feelings of hatred and anger. Denial of the truth to others or self. Impatience or revenge outside of justice. Wishing to do evil or harm to others. Self-righteousness. Wrath is the root of murder and assault. Dante described wrath as "love of justice perverted to revenge and spite". The childish of the two prolonged adolescence sins, being hard to safeguard against especially in the case of people in teens and 20s.
6. Envy (Latin invidia ) - jealousy, malice
Grieving spite and resentment of material objects, accomplishments, or character traits of others, or wishing others to fail or come to harm. Envy is the root of theft and self-loathing. Dante defined this as "love of one's own good perverted to a desire to deprive other men of theirs". Associated with the dog and the color green. The adolescent of the 3 exaggerated adulthood sins.
Grieving spite and resentment of material objects, accomplishments, or character traits of others, or wishing others to fail or come to harm. Envy is the root of theft and self-loathing. Dante defined this as "love of one's own good perverted to a desire to deprive other men of theirs". Associated with the dog and the color green. The adolescent of the 3 exaggerated adulthood sins.
7. Pride (Latin superbia) - vanity, narcissism
A desire to be more important or attractive to others, failing to give credit due others, or excessive love of self (especially holding self out of proper position toward God). Dante's definition was "love of self perverted to hatred and contempt for one's neighbor". In Jacob Bidermann's medieval miracle play, Cenodoxus, superbia is the deadliest of all the sins and leads directly to the damnation of the famed Doctor of Paris, Cenodoxus.
A desire to be more important or attractive to others, failing to give credit due others, or excessive love of self (especially holding self out of proper position toward God). Dante's definition was "love of self perverted to hatred and contempt for one's neighbor". In Jacob Bidermann's medieval miracle play, Cenodoxus, superbia is the deadliest of all the sins and leads directly to the damnation of the famed Doctor of Paris, Cenodoxus.
Pride was what sparked the fall of Lucifer from Heaven. Vanity and narcissism are good examples of these sins and they often lead to the destruction of the sinner, for instance by the wanton squandering of money and time on themselves without caring about others. Pride can be seen as the misplacment of morals. Associated with the horse and the color violet. The absolute of the 3 exaggerated adulthood sins, as a prideful person believes him/herself to be in complete control of things.
In 1589, Peter Binsfeld paired each of the deadly sins with a demon, who tempted people by means of the associated sin. According to Binsfeld's classification of demons, the pairings are as follows:
- Lucifer : Pride
- Mammon : Greed
- Asmodeus : Lust
- Leviathan : Envy
- Beelzebub : Gluttony (lord of the flies)
- Satan : Wrath
- Belphegor : Sloth
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